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Herbicide-Tolerant Crop
Crop plants, cultivated by man, which have been altered to be able to survive application(s) of one or more herbicides by the incorporation of certain gene(s), via either genetic engineering, natural mutation, or mutation breeding (i.e., soaking seeds in mutation-causing chemicals--- or bombardment of seeds with ionizing radiation--- to cause random genetic mutations, followed by selection of the particular mutation in which herbicide-tolerance occurs). Because it has been utilized for decades, most relevant national laws consider mutation breeding to be one of the so-called "traditional plant breeding" techniques. For example, European laws that require special labeling of food products containing genetically engineered (via rDNA) crops do not require such special labeling for food products that contain crops which were created via mutation breeding. Several crops (e.g., soybean, canola, cotton, etc.) are made tolerant to glyphosate-containing or sulfosate-containing herbicides by the insertion (via genetic engineering techniques) of the aroA transgene (cassette) for CP4 EPSPS. Corn (maize) is made tolerant to glyphosate-containing herbicides by insertion (via genetic engineering techniques) of the mEPSPS or GA21 transgene (cassette). Some soybean varieties are made tolerant to sulfonylurea-based herbicides by adding (via traditional breeding methods) the ALS gene (which confers the sulfonylurea-tolerance trait).
Corn (maize) and rice (Oryza sativa) are made tolerant to imidazolinone-containing herbicides by adding (via traditional breeding techniques) the imidazolinone-tolerance trait. That trait is imparted by the T-Gene, IT-Gene, or the IR-Gene.
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